/dɛm/
Definition:
In Nigerian Pidgin English, DEM functions as the third-person plural pronoun “them” in Standard English. It is used to refer to a group of people, animals, or things that have been previously mentioned or are understood from context.
- Synonyms: “Them” (English equivalent), “Those ones”
- Antonyms: “Us”, “Me”, “You” (singular)
Hear how native speakers pronounce DEM in the video below.
Usage Examples:
- Informal: “DEM dey come from market.” (They are coming from the market)
- Formal: “The word ‘DEM’ functions as third-person plural in Pidgin.”
- Idiomatic: “If DEM born you well, no argue with police!” (I dare you not to argue with the police)
Cultural Context:
Origin:
The word “DEM” in Nigerian Pidgin is a simplified, phonetic version of the English word “them.” During the colonial period, English was introduced in Nigeria through education, religion, and trade. As various ethnic groups began to communicate with English speakers and with one another, Pidgin English developed as a lingua franca, blending English vocabulary with local grammar rules. Over time, many English words were adapted for simplicity and pronunciation ease—”them” became “DEM,” maintaining its original function but gaining street authenticity.
Regional Usage:
“DEM” is used across all regions of Nigeria and in most West African countries where Pidgin English is spoken. Whether in Lagos, Port Harcourt, Benin City, or even Accra in Ghana, “DEM” is a universally understood Pidgin pronoun. Its use cuts across music, films, and everyday conversations. It appears in Afrobeat lyrics, Nollywood scripts, and even in informal journalism, making it one of the most versatile words in Pidgin.
Use “DEM” in a sentence and drop it in the comments! Example: “DEM no tell me say rain go fall today!” Let’s see how you roll with street grammar!